The Root Bridge

Drugs is a very important topic when it comes to your exam preparation for Biology and this article will provide you with some useful and relevant information regarding drugs notes for GCE O level and IGCSE.  What is a Drug? According to your syllabus, a drug is a substance (chemical) which is responsible for either modifying or affecting the chemical reactions in a body.  You should remember that the topic which you are studying is the " use and abuse of drugs ". This is important because there are several uses of drugs as well and we will also take a look at them. You can categorise drugs as: Medicinal drugs Socially accepted drugs Drugs of abuse  Let's take a look at all these categories in detail now.  Medicinal drugs These drugs are responsible for treating multiple diseases and there are various drugs that are used to alleviate (reduce) pain and even in different surgeries.  The best example of medicinal drugs are antibio...

Khilafat Movement?  If it is what made you come here, then be confident that you are at the right place.   This movement was not started immediately. It has a background which is necessary to understand the movement. So let’s start from the very beginning.   What was the khilafat movement?    It was the movement started by the people of the subcontinent to  protect  Turkey and the head of the Islamic state, the Khalifa as he was of immense importance to the Muslim world.    Turkey had  supported  Germany and Austria in the first world war against Britain and thus after the decisive victory of Britain, Prime Minister Llyod George was ready to  punish  Turkey and Khalifa.   Muslims who had been  promised  a  good fate  of Turkey before the war were not happy by this decision and thus came up with the Khilafat Movement to  achieve their goals , to protect Turkey.    Who was the Khalifa ...

The CAIE Syllabus for Transverse Waves and Longitudinal Waves (sound) is as follows :  General Wave Properties/ Transverse Waves: Content 13.1 Describing wave motion 13.2 Wave terms 13.3 Wave behaviour Learning outcomes Candidates should be able to: (a)   describe what is meant by wave motion as illustrated by vibrations in ropes and springs and by experiments using a ripple tank. (b)   state what is meant by the term  wavefront . (c)   define the terms  speed ,  frequency ,  wavelength  and  amplitude  and recall and use the formula  velocity  =  frequency  ×  wavelength . (d)   describe transverse and longitudinal waves in such a way as to illustrate the differences between them. (e)   describe the use of a ripple tank to show (1) reflection at a plane surface, (2) refraction due to a change of speed at a constant frequency. (f)  describe...

In the following article, there is a speech question that appeared in the Cambridge examination. The Root Bridge has provided you with a sample of answers to discuss the positive and negative points which students commit during speech writing.  Before getting into it, it is essential to know the features of Speech Writing. Features Of Speech In CIE: Welcome the audience  Introduce yourself  Tone a language depends on the context (audience) Use the 'you tone' to involve the audience  Use humour  Include pauses gestures and fillers (Umm.. etc) but sparingly  Refer to facts and statistics Use a variety of sentence structures Include famous quotes  Express Strong opinions expressed with logical reasoning Use figurative language such as facts, metaphors etc ... Ask Rhetorical Questions (usually at the beginning at the end, can be included in between as well) Use proper Nouns Use emotive...

Photo by  Jeremy Thomas  on  Unsplash Stars? Who hasn't heard about them? But are you completely aware of Stars?  Let's make it simple. Lets even arouse your interest in Stars by providing you factual interesting information about stars.  Before getting into the articles, just enjoy an inspirational saying an of Sir Stephen Hawkins on Stars:  “Remember to look up at the stars and now down at your feet. Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist.  Be curious. And however difficult life may seem, there is always something you can do and succeed at. It matters that you don’t just give up.” What are Stars? Star is something that refers to the astronomical object, consisting of a luminous spheroid of plasma enacted by gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun.  Many other stars are visible to the humans from Earth directly during the night. However, these are tremendously far apart from the Earth....